Fig. 6: Sensitivity of Indo-Pacific climate modes to coupling strength between the two basins.

Regime diagram of standard deviations of the a ENSO, b IOB-M, and c IOD for each peak season with respect to the PO-IO coupling (x-axis) and the IO-PO coupling (y-axis) (contour). The decadal changes in coupling strength, calculated using a 30-year moving window, are indicated as scatter points within the contour. The colors of the scatter plots represent the simulated decadal variability of the climate modes from the time-varying coupling experiments. Panels d–f show the dominant periods of the three climate modes, with the other details remaining the same as those in a–c. The gray arrow in a indicates the progression of time.