Fig. 5: Stationary wave model experiments with springtime ASO.
From: Arctic stratospheric ozone as a precursor of ENSO events since 2000s
a Horizontal and vertical (inside panel) structure of steady vorticity forcing. b Steady response of atmospheric circulation (i.e., stream function) to the vorticity forcing in (a), under the April–May mean atmospheric state. c Geopotential height anomalies at 200 hPa in April–May (shading, m) regressed on the ASO index and the relevant wave activity flux (vector) from ERA5, wherein wave activity flux over the low latitudes (<15°N) is conventionally masked out, due to the small Coriolis force.
