Fig. 1: Experimental setup.
a, Schematic representation of the experimental design. On day 1, each rat was implanted with an electrophysiology device comprising an atrial quadripolar device and three peripheral ECG leads, all connected to an eight-pin connector in the back of the rat. For additional details, see the Methods; please also see our previous publications for detailed descriptions and photographs36,37. b, A typical recording during the S1–S2 protocol, applied using the atrial quadripolar electrode. The arrowheads mark atrial capture, while the blunt arrow indicates failure of atrial capture during S2. c, A typical example of an AF episode induced by burst pacing using the atrial quadripolar electrode. Left, baseline ECG and atrial bipolar signals. Middle, burst pacing (1-s duration, 100 Hz, double threshold). Right, post-burst recording. Note the high resolution of the obtained atrial signals in b and c. Panel a was created with BioRender.com.
