Energy drinks (EDs), widely consumed for their stimulant effects, are increasingly used by younger individuals, even during pregnancy, despite limited safety data. A study in Scientific Reports explored the impact of maternal Red Bull® exposure during gestation and lactation on neonatal brain health in rats. Pregnant and lactating females received either low or high doses of ED, and the offspring were evaluated at 21- and 35-days post-birth. Perinatal ED exposure led to oxidative stress in the cerebral cortex, cerebellum and medulla oblongata, marked by elevated malondialdehyde levels and reduced antioxidant defenses compared to the control group, regardless of dose. Higher doses further increased lipid peroxidation and antioxidant depletion compared with lower-dose animals. Additionally, DNA damage was present in neonatal brain tissues of the ED groups, accompanied by reduced acetylcholinesterase activity and dopamine levels compared to control rats, indicating potential neurochemical imbalances affecting cognition and behavior. These results show the neurodevelopmental risks of maternal ED consumption, stressing the need to reevaluate intake guidelines for pregnant and breastfeeding individuals.
Original reference: Mohamed, M.M. et al. Sci. Rep. 15, 30865 (2025)
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