Fig. 4: A 3D bioprinted cervical cancer model.

a 3D Hela/hydrogel construct fabricated using EBB. b Schematic representation of 3D printed construct. c Schematic description of the timeline followed for the fabrication of tissue. 3D bioprinted constructs as well as 2D planar samples were all cultured for five days followed by paclitaxel addition and culture for the next three days. d Cell morphology after paclitaxel treatment on 3D bioprinted and 2D planar sample. e Cellular metabolic activity after paclitaxel treatment shows chemoresistance for 3D samples. f Comparison of spheroid diameters in the hydrogel with and without the addition of paclitaxel. ^***p < 0.001 by t-test (scale bar, 50 µm; scale bar in enlarged images, 20 µm; reproduced/adapted with permission from ref. ⁵¹).