Fig. 6: Urine diacetylspermine levels increase with tumor volume and are elevated in patients with poorly differentiated tumors. | npj Precision Oncology

Fig. 6: Urine diacetylspermine levels increase with tumor volume and are elevated in patients with poorly differentiated tumors.

From: Pharmacometabolomics reveals urinary diacetylspermine as a biomarker of doxorubicin effectiveness in triple negative breast cancer

Fig. 6

12-hour urine diacetylspermine levels relative to tumor volume (a), tumor grade (b) and molecular subtype (c) in breast cancer patients from the Polish Breast Cancer Study (NCT00341458). Diacetylspermine concentrations are log transformed and normalized to creatinine. Data are presented as violin plots with center median (dashed lines) and 1.5× IQR (dotted lines); n values indicated in the figure. Significance was determined by two-sided one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s test, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.01.

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