Table 2 Overall results with statistical analysis on an independent TMA testing set and a TCGA testing set in (a) classification of abnormal p53 (mutation-type) and normal p53 (wild type), and (b) TP53 mutation prediction in EC

(a) Classification of abnormal and normal p53 (TMA)

TR-MAMIL

0.78

0.70

0.86

0.78

0.78 ± 0.04

<0.001***

ClassicMIL³¹

0.71

0.73

0.69

0.71

0.73 ± 0.01

<0.001***

CLAM²⁶

0.75

0.68

0.81

0.74

0.77 ± 0.02

<0.001***

Wang et al.³²

0.66

0.97

0.38

0.68

0.75 ± 0.02

<0.001***

Improved_InceptionV3_MS³³

0.70

0.84

0.58

0.71

0.79 ± 0.03

0.496

TOAD²⁷

0.68

0.89

0.50

0.70

0.76 ± 0.04

<0.001***

TransMIL²⁸

0.72

0.84

0.62

0.73

0.77 ± 0.04

<0.001***

MRAN²⁹

0.73

0.61

0.83

0.72

0.74 ± 0.08

<0.001***

(b) TP53 mutation prediction

TR-MAMIL

0.70

0.80

0.65

0.73

0.68 ± 0.08

<0.001***