Fig. 2: The synthesis of MXenes from MAX phase by fluoride etching.
From: Recent advances of MXenes as electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction

a Schematic diagram of MAX phase etching and MXenes formation. b SEM image of MAX phase before HF etching. c SEM image of multilayer Ti3C2TX after HF etching44. Copyright 2012, American Chemical Society. d–f SEM, TEM and high-resolution TEM images of monolayer Ti3C2TX nanosheet45. Copyright 2019, American Chemical Society.