Fig. 4: Magnetic characterization of 12 nm-thick Fe5GeTe2 using SQUID and XMCD.
From: Large-scale epitaxy of two-dimensional van der Waals room-temperature ferromagnet Fe5GeTe2
a Isothermal magnetic hysteresis loops with the external magnetic field H in the ab basal plane for different temperatures. The magnetic background at temperatures well above TC has been subtracted for all measurements. Inset: Raw data highlighting the magnetic background considered. b Same as a, with H parallel to the c-axis. c Remanent magnetization as a function of temperature. Fitting to the scaling behavior of a magnetic system in an ordered state yields TC ≈ 293 K and β ≈ 0.294. The inset shows the scaling behavior of the remanence for different 2D and 3D magnetic critical exponents (see Supplementary Fig. 6). d Normalized in-plane and out-of-plane magnetic hysteresis loops for different temperatures. e Effective magnetic anisotropy, Keff, shape anisotropy, Kd, and uniaxial anisotropy, Ku, as a function of temperature. f Magnetic moment per Fe atom as a function of temperature determined from SQUID and XMCD for two 12 nm-thick samples (S1 and S2). g Normalized Fe L2,3-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) (µ+ + µ−) and XMCD (µ+ − µ−) spectra. µ+(−) is the absorption for parallel (antiparallel) alignment of the light helicity and the sample magnetization. h Normalized Ge L2,3-edge XAS and XMCD.
