Fig. 1: Schematic illustrations of exciton dynamics in two-dimensional materials.

a Time-resolved STM (TR-STM) setup for measuring carrier dynamics in TMDCs. b Band structure showing the mechanism to detect excitons by STM. The direction of the band bending depends on the bias voltage applied between the STM tip and the sample. c Schematic structure of the time-resolved-multiprobe STM system we have developed. BS beam splitter, PBS polarized beam splitter, OPO optical parametric oscillator, FR Faraday rotator, EOM electro-optical modulation element (see Supplementary Fig. 1 for details).