Fig. 2: Liquid exfoliation techniques.

a Direct LPE. b Electrochemical exfoliation with the assist of large molecules intercalation. c Electrochemical exfoliation with the assist of small ions intercalation. Comparison of direct LPE and electrochemical exfoliation in terms of (d) thickness and lateral dimension of exfoliated nanosheets, and (e) exfoliation yield as a function of exfoliation duration. f Example of MoTe2 flake size distribution produced from intercalation with large molecules. Panel f reprinted with permission from ref. 238, American Chemical Society.