Fig. 1: Comparison of the tuning range in a standalone graphene film and in a h-BN/graphene heterostructure from 0–24 V.

a 0 V (Red) to 24 V (blue) tuning of graphene-only film. Inset: Corresponding power spectrum referenced against the bare Si substrate. b 0 V (Red) to 24 V (blue) tuning of h-BN/graphene heterostructure. Inset: Corresponding power spectrum referenced against the bare Si substrate. c Schematic of the investigated device structures. The chip size is 2 x 2 cm with a 1.8 x 1.5 cm graphene film. The contact pads are 2 × 1.8 mm. d Difference in transmitted power comparing 0–24 V as a ratio for the graphene (green) and h-BN/graphene (green) films. Note the structure in the inset blue curve andgreen curve for h-BN/graphene is due to the noise floor of the measurement system being reached.