Table 3 Sleep, depression, anxiety, perceived stress, overall health, life satisfaction and productivity at baseline and post-treatment for users who did not connect a device (n = 3173) vs. user who connected a device (n = 378)

From: Delivering digital cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia at scale: does using a wearable device to estimate sleep influence therapy?

 

Baseline

     

Post-treatment

     
 

No device

 

Device

   

No device

 

Device

   
 

Mean ± SD/ median (IQR)

Mean rank

Mean ± SD/ median (IQR)

Mean rank

Test-statistic

p

Mean ± SD/ median (IQR)

Mean rank

Mean ± SD/ median (IQR)

Mean rank

Test-statistic

p

Sleep (SCI-7)

4.29 ± 1.97

–

3.91 ± 1.60

–

F(1,3532) = 12.94a

<0.001

7.19 ± 2.03

–

6.80 ± 2.08

–

F(1,3521) = 11.84a

<0.001

Depression (PHQ-2)

2 (0–3)

1743

2 (0–3)

1792

U = 545748b

0.372

1 (0–2)

1751

1 (0–2)

1857

U = 553788b

0.042

Anxiety (GAD-2)

2 (1–3)

1748

2 (1–3)

1746

U = 560727b

0.964

1 (0–2)

1761

1 (0–2)

1774

U = 584480b

0.796

Perceived stress (PSS)

2 (1–2)

1714

2 (1–3)

1797

U = 516589b

0.126

1 (0–2)

1755

1 (0–2)

1825

U = 565763b

0.187

Life satisfaction

7 (5–8)

1727

7 (6–8)

1795

U = 522368b

0.216

7 (6–8)

1765

7 (6–8)

1737

U = 579655b

0.216

Work productivity

2 (1–4)

1205

3 (2–4)

1442

U = 233095b

<0.001

1 (0–3)

1700

2 (0–3)

1915

U = 489106b

<0.001

  1. SD standard deviation, IQR interquartile range, SCI-7 Sleep Condition Indicator 7 items, PHQ-2 Patient Health Questionnaire 2 items, GAD-2 generalize anxiety disorder 2 items
  2. a ANOVA
  3. b Mann–Whitney U test
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