Fig. 2: Individuality and dimensionality.

The face of the Roman Emperor Hostilian (top left) is poorly described by the canonical face of all Roman Emperors (top right), which is—by definition—not identical with any of the individual faces from which it is derived. Furthermore, the individuality of a face is better captured by a low-precision, high-dimensional parameterisation (bottom left), than it is by a high-precision, low-dimensional parameterisation such as the inter-pupillary distance (bottom right). The photograph of Hostilian is reproduced with the kind permission of Dr William Storage.