Fig. 1: Boxplots for healthy controls, ALS participants with no bulbar impairment (normal ALSFRS-R scores for speech, swallowing, and salivation), ALS participants with bulbar impairment (at least one score below 4 in the ALSFRS-R scores for speech, swallowing, and salivation), and ALS participants with bulbar-onset (type of ALS onset).
From: Early detection and tracking of bulbar changes in ALS via frequent and remote speech analysis
All data points are used. Note: the mixed-effects models indicated that the healthy controls significantly differed from all ALS participants (p-value = 0.005 and p-value < 0.001 for AP and SR, respectively) and from ALS participants with no bulbar impairment (p-value = 0.024 and 0.009 for AP and SR, respectively). Center line = median; box limits = upper and lower quartiles; whiskers = 1.5× interquartile range.
