Fig. 1: Example of the input sequence and predicted overnight stability of a hospital visit.

The model takes a sequence of features as input, with each sample containing four vital signs plus a risk score (included in the figure) and other input variables, including an hour of the day, time since the previous sample, change in risk score, and variance of risk subscores (not shown). The green band signifies the normal range of risk score values and indicates low risk for clinical deterioration. Nights (purple band) are labelled according to the model prediction at 10 p.m. each night (“Let Sleep” or “Wake Up”). In the example provided, on the first night, the model predicted overnight stability and recommended that the patient sleep, whereas on the second night the model correctly predicted instability (i.e., elevated overnight risk score), thus recommending that the patient be woken for vital sign monitoring. Note that while in reality the model does not include measurements obtained during a predicted stable night, these are included in the figure for illustrative purposes. HR heart rate, RR respiratory rate, Tmpr temperature, BP systolic blood pressure, Risk score indicates Modified Early Warning Score (MEWS).