Fig. 7: Ex vivo and in silico data after transmission across the head.

a The geometry of the ex vivo laboratory experiment. b Data recorded in the laboratory by the central transducer without the skull present. c The equivalent ex vivo data recorded with the skull. d The equivalent in silico data with the skull. e Laboratory ex vivo data recorded on a finely sampled linear array with the skull. f The equivalent numerical data simulated in 3D. The physical skull and the numerical model are nominally the same, but differ in detail, and the numerical model does not include the effects of scattering by the physical transducers and their supporting hardware. Figures b–d are normalised to their largest amplitude; the un-normalised amplitudes in b are about five times larger than those in c.