Table 1 Key characteristics of included studies (n = 69).
Study characteristics | n (%) |
|---|---|
Disease area | |
Diabetes | 29 (42.0%) |
Cardiovascular diseases | 13 (18.8%) |
Respiratory diseases | 13 (18.8%) |
Cancer | 10 (14.5%) |
Multiple | 4 (5.8%) |
Publication yeara | |
2008–2013 | 13 (17.6%) |
2014–2016 | 25 (33.8%) |
2017–2019 | 36 (48.6%) |
Country of study | |
United States of America | 13 (18.8%) |
China | 7 (10.1%) |
Australia | 5 (7.2%) |
Canada | 5 (7.2%) |
The Netherlands | 5 (7.2%) |
United Kingdom | 5 (7.2%) |
Finland | 3 (4.3%) |
South Korea | 3 (4.3%) |
Switzerland | 3 (4.3%) |
Others | 20 (29.0%) |
Design | |
RCT | 52 (75.4%) |
Pilot RCT | 12 (17.4%) |
Cluster RCT | 3 (4.3%) |
Cross-over RCT | 2 (2.9%) |
Study arms | |
Two | 60 (87.0%) |
Three | 8 (11.6%) |
Four | 1 (1.4%) |
Sample size | |
Median (range) | 94 (18–519) |
<50 | 14 (20.3%) |
51–100 | 23 (33.3%) |
101–150 | 15 (21.7%) |
151–200 | 11 (15.9%) |
>200 | 6 (8.7%) |
Follow-up interval | |
Up to 1 month | 6 (8.7%) |
1–3 months | 24 (34.8%) |
4–6 months | 26 (37.7%) |
More than 6 months | 13 (18.8%) |
Recruitment strategy | |
Offline | 64 (92.8%) |
Online | 1 (1.4%) |
Mixed | 4 (5.8%) |
Internet literacy as an eligibility criterion | |
Yes | 44 (63.8%) |
No | 25 (36.2%) |
Device strategy | |
Study device approach | 36 (52.2%) |
Bring your own device approach | 31 (44.9%) |
Mixed approach | 2 (2.9%) |
