Table 1 Characteristics of the development set and the external test set.

From: Artificial intelligence to detect malignant eyelid tumors from photographic images

 

Development set

 

External test set

Total no. of photographic images

 

1,258

 

309

Total no. of qualified photographic imagesa

 

1,151

 

266

Total no. of cropped images

 

1, 248

 

285

No. of patients

 

675

 

176

Mean age/range (years)

 

49.6 (1–100)

 

50.0 (2–87)

No. of women (%)

 

421 (62.4)

 

111 (63.1)

Institution

 

NEH

 

JEH and ZFPH

Location of institution

 

East of China

 

East and west of China

Camera model

Canon IXUS-130, Nikon COOLPIX-S7000

 

FUJIFILM FinePix-F41, HUAWEI EVA-AL00

 

Training set

Validation set

Internal test set

 

Benign eyelid tumorb

668/883 (75.7)

121/168 (72.0)

146/197 (74.1)

226/285 (79.3)

Malignant eyelid tumorb

215/883 (24.3)

47/168 (28.0)

51/197 (25.9)

59/285 (20.7)

  1. NEH Ningbo Eye Hospital, JEH Jiangdong Eye Hospital, ZFPH Zunyi First People’s Hospital.
  2. aQualified photographic images indicate the images with unequivocal histopathological diagnoses.
  3. bData are no. of cropped images/total no. (%) unless otherwise indicated.