Table 2 Episode Characteristics.

From: Engaging a national-scale cohort of smart thermometer users in participatory surveillance

 

Episodes

 

With reported symptoms

Without reported symptoms

p-value

No.

1,735,805

1,793,572

 

New participant, No. (%)

767,774 (44.2)

558,071 (31.1)

< 0.001

Fever, No. (%)

425,130 (24.5)

287,414 (16.0)

< 0.001

Severe fever, app skipped symptom page, No. (%)

154,406 (8.9)

133,056 (7.4)

< 0.001

Season

  

< 0.001

Spring

439,418 (25.3)

571,638 (31.9)

 

Summer

361,504 (20.8)

443,911 (24.8)

 

Autumn

441,102 (25.4)

374,107 (20.9)

 

Winter

493,781 (28.4)

403,916 (22.5)

 

Pandemic period, No. (%)

  

< 0.001

Before pandemic (01/01/2020–02/29/2020)

61,087 (3.5)

83,664 (4.7)

 

First outbreak (03/01/2020–05/15/2020)

145,361 (8.4)

270,144 (15.1)

 

Second wave (05/16/2020–09/12/2020)

190,840 (11.0)

314,955 (17.6)

 

Winter wave (09/13/2020–03/06/2021)

445,190 (25.6)

332,553 (18.5)

 

Fourth wave (03/07/2021–07/14/2021)

174,969 (10.1)

158,103 (8.8)

 

Delta wave (07/15/2021–12/18/2021)

245,098 (14.1)

199,176 (11.1)

 

Omicron BA.1/2 wave (12/19/2021–06/19/2022)

312,114 (18.0)

282,658 (15.8)

 

Omicron BA.4/5 wave (06/20/2022–10/29/2022)

161,146 (9.3)

152,319 (8.5)

 
  1. Chi-square test was used for categorical variables. If a participant of any age had a high fever (at least 39.4 °C), or a child aged 0 to 3 months had any fever, the symptom report screen within the app was skipped and the user was immediately transferred to a guidance page to address potentially serious medical conditions.