Table 3 Characteristics of artificial intelligence in the included studies. An “NA” indicates that the corresponding item was not addressed or discussed in the paper.
Authors | Sensors for data collection | Timing of data analysis | AI algorithm for data analysis | The outcome of AI algorithms |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Gupta and Kohli63 | RGB camera | Retrospective | AI Algorithms in the TheraNow application for physical therapy | NA |
Kohli and Gupta62 | RGB camera | Retrospective | AI Algorithms in the TheraNow application for physical therapy | NA |
Fabio et al.61 | RGB camera | Concurrent | Eye gaze and skeleton extraction | NA |
Bo et al.25 | Built-in smartphone sensors for motion analysis | Retrospective | Multiple linear regression and random forest | predicting the percentage difference of Wolf motor function test |
Bouteraa et al.26 | Current sensor, electromyography sensor, RGB camera, and Kinect camera | Concurrent | Fuzzy inference | Degree of pain |
Tsvyakh et al.60 | Axis, temperature, and volume sensors | Concurrent | NA | NA |
Fang et al.59 | Inertial measurement unit based body sensor network | Concurrent | K-nearest-neighbor classifier and fuzzy inference system | Brunnstrom Stage and Mobility Index |
Ghorbel et al.58 | Kinect depth camera | Concurrent | Template matching | Correctness of rehabilitation exercises |
Qiu et al.57 | Leap motion controller | Concurrent | Key press rating tracking | Determining the difficulty of exercise |
Sobrino et al.56 | Kinect depth camera | Concurrent | Dynamic time warping | Distance between patient’s exercise and therapist’s exercise |
Triantafyllidis et al.66 | Kinect depth camera, wristband for heart rate measurement, and blood pressure monitor | Concurrent | Rule-based system for guiding patients in doing exercises | Providing guidance for patients in doing exercises |
Yu et al.65 | Accelerometer and flex sensors | Retrospective | Extreme learning machine | Fugl-Meyer assessment (regression) |
Zhang et al.64 | Sensing through wearable robots | Concurrent | Motion detection | NA |
