Table 1 Baseline characteristics of trial patients
Reinforcement learning (n = 29) | Control (n = 31) | Absolute standardized differences | |
|---|---|---|---|
Age, mean (SD) | 60.3 (11.4) | 56.7 (12.9) | 0.02 |
Female sex, n (%) | 12 (41.4%) | 14 (45.2%) | 0.08 |
Race/ethnicity, n (%) | |||
White | 17 (58.6%) | 18 (58.1%) | 0.01 |
Black or African American | 6 (20.7%) | 8 (25.8%) | 0.12 |
Other (Hispanic/Latino, Asian, Other) | 6 (20.7%) | 7 (22.6%) | 0.05 |
Education level, n (%) | |||
High school graduate or below | 7 (24.1%) | 5 (16.1%) | 0.20 |
Some college/college graduate | 22 (51.7%) | 19 (61.3%) | 0.19 |
Post-graduate | 7 (24.1%) | 7 (22.6%) | 0.04 |
Married or partnered, n (%) | 13 (44.8%) | 17 (54.8%) | 0.20 |
Baseline HbA1c, mean (SD) | 8.99 (1.39) | 9.10 (1.47) | 0.06 |
<9, n (%) | 17 (58.6%) | 17 (54.8%) | 0.08 |
≥9, n (%) | 12 (41.4%) | 14 (45.2%) | 0.08 |
Diabetes medication use (self-reported), n (%) | |||
<4 years | 10 (34.5%) | 13 (41.9%) | 0.15 |
≥4 years | 19 (65.5%) | 18 (58.1%) | 0.15 |
3 or more unique physicians, n (%) | 19 (65.5%) | 16 (51.6%) | 0.29 |
Number of medications, n (%) | |||
1 | 20 (69.0%) | 25 (80.6%) | 0.27 |
≥2 | 9 (31.0%) | 6 (19.4%) | 0.27 |
Non-adherence (number of self-reported doses missed in prior 30 days), % | |||
≤1 | 17 (58.6%) | 17 (54.8%) | 0.08 |
>1 | 12 (41.4%) | 14 (45.2%) | 0.08 |
Automaticitya with medication-taking, n (%) | 5 (17.2%) | 10 (32.3%) | 0.36 |
Full patient health activationb | 16 (55.2%) | 15 (48.4%) | 0.13 |
