Fig. 2: Associations between exposure to ChatGPT-suggested drug repurposing candidates and AD risk.

Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) are shown for VUMC (blue squares), the NIH All of Us Research Program (red squares), and the combined meta-analysis (gray squares). ** indicates drugs associated with significantly reduced AD risk using VUMC data (p < 0.05); * indicates drugs associated with significantly reduced AD risk in the meta-analysis (p < 0.05). To ensure adequate statistical power, we did not report drugs with fewer than five AD cases in the study cohort (i.e., bexarotene and nilotinib in both VUMC and All of Us; minocycline, candesartan, rapamycin, and lithium in All of Us).