Fig. 3: Prediction and explainability output types of current FDA-cleared AI products for medical image interpretation.

a Predictions are grouped according to binary, category, or score. b Type of explainability offered by products, with “none” corresponding to products that provide image/exam-level predictions without explicit localization or other form of explainability. Counts are also indicated by CAD type: CADt (triage), CADe (detection), CADx (diagnosis), CADe/x (detection & diagnosis), CADa (autonomous).