Fig. 2: Evaluation of crowdsource and model anatomy segmentations and deployment of near-infrared artificial intelligence system.

a Crowdsourced annotations and Bowel.CSS predictions of bowel and abdominal wall compared to expert annotations in the test dataset. ^aIoU intersection over union, ^bF1 dice similarity coefficient. b Representative frames comparing crowdsourced annotations and Bowel.CSS predictions to expert annotations with corresponding difficulty index. c Schematic representing intraoperative deployment of real-time artificial intelligence. d Example of deployed version of Bowel.CSS incorporated into real-time artificial intelligence assisted multimodal imaging utilizing laser speckle contrast imaging to allow visualization of physiologic information beyond human vision.