Fig. 3: CSF biomarkers and neuroimaging markers of the identified subtypes.

a CSF biomarkers by PD subtypes. On each box plot, the central mark indicates the median value and the bottom and top edges of the box indicate the interquartile range (IQR) with whiskers covering the most extreme values within 1.5 × IQR. b Regions showing significant signals in 1-year brain atrophy between a pair of subtypes. 1-year brain atrophy was measured by cortical thickness and white matter volume from 34 region of interests (ROIs), defined by the Desikan-Killiany atlas (averaged over the left and right hemispheres). Color density denotes significance in terms of -log10(P).