Fig. 6: Explainability of myopia onset predictions.

Representative fundus images and their corresponding saliency maps for predicting myopia (a) and high myopia (b) onset. The images were from a participant who developed myopia (a) and (b) high myopia during the follow-up period. From left to right are the fundus images at the baseline, saliency map overlaid on the fundus images and follow-up images with developed myopia and high myopia. The color gradients used in the saliency maps indicate the degree of importance of the corresponding regions in the fundus image for prediction. Specifically, the regions with warmer colors indicate higher importance, while the cooler colors indicate lower importance. Zoomed view shows lesion areas, which align well with the saliency maps. SHAP-based model explainability is shown in (c), where each point represents a participant in the bee swarm plot. Different colors indicate the value of the feature, where red and blue represent high and low values, respectively. d Pie chart of the feature contributions, which was calculated by summing the SHAP values based on individual sets.