Fig. 4: Data flow for the Luxembourg Parkinson’s Study.

This figure illustrates the distribution of samples and the overlapping subsets of data types in the Luxembourg Parkinson’s Study. The study included 736 Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients and 855 controls, all of whom provided clinical data. Out of these, 162 PD patients and 129 controls had digital gait data collected. In addition, metabolomics data were available for 549 PD patients and 590 controls. For 151 PD patients, all three data types available (gait, metabolomics, and clinical data) were available and used for integrative analyses. Unimodal analyses were performed for all subjects with available gait data. The color-coded boxes indicate the specific datasets used for unimodal and multimodal analyses.