Table 6 Overview of baseline characteristics of the cohort

From: Integrating digital gait data with metabolomics and clinical data to predict outcomes in Parkinson’s disease

Characteristic

PD

Controls

P-value (PD vs. controls)

N (female/male)

162 (116/46)

129 (77/52)

0.03

Age in years at assessment (mean ± stddev.)

64.3 ± 10.7

58.5 ± 12.2

2.7E-05

MDS-UPDRS III

(mean ± stddev.)

28.9 ± 13.5

3.1 ± 5.2

<2.2E-16

Hoehn & Yahr

(mean ± stddev.)

2.0 ± 0.5

-

-

Disease duration since initial symptom

(mean ± stddev.)

12.5 ± 7.1

-

-

BMI (kg/m2)

(mean ± stddev.)

27.4 ± 4.0

27.0 ± 4.7

0.42

Presence of gait disorders (yes/no)

64/98

39.5%/60.5%

4/125

3.1%/96.9%

6.7E-16

FOGQ

(mean ± stddev.)

3.2 ± 3.6

0.2 ± 0.8

1.1E-11

PDQ-39

(mean ± stddev.)

21.7 ± 14.1

5.5 ± 8.1

<2.2E-16

MoCA

(mean ± stddev.)

25.5 ± 3.1

27.4 ± 2.3

2.5E-09

Dopamine dysregulation syndrome (severity scale from 0 to 4, mean ± stddev.)

0.1 ± 0.4

0 ± 0.3

0.26

Hallucinations (severity scale from 0 to 4, mean ± stddev.)

0.1 ± 0.5

0 ± 0.1

0.0011

Dyskinesias (severity scale from 0 to 4, mean ± stddev.)

0.3 ± 0.8

-

-

Apathy (Starkstein)

(mean ± stddev.)

13.4 ± 5.1

9.2 ± 3.9

2.7E-14

  1. Overview of baseline characteristics of the cohort (column 1) and the differences between PD patients (column 2) and controls (column 3), as well as the nominal p-value for the significance of the difference (column 4; the two-sided Welch’s t test was used for quantitative data and Fisher’s Exact Test for categorical data). For characteristics with continuous values, columns 2 and 3 show the mean and standard deviation in patients and controls, respectively; whereas for categorical variables, relative numbers per group or percentages are shown. Dopamine dysregulation syndrome was assessed using MDS-UPDRS Part I, question 1.6; hallucinations using MDS-UPDRS Part I, question 1.2; and dyskinesias using MDS-UPDRS Part IV, question 1.
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