Fig. 3: Screens from the VR simulations.

The simulation started in a doctor’s office where the participant received information about a hypothetical infection (a), followed by information about antibiotic resistance, its causes, management, and impact (b). In the VR Information + Experience condition, the participants engaged in five rounds of a one-person shooter game, where they made a choice to either rely on their immune system (c) or use antibiotics (d). After each round, the participant received feedback about their performance with regard to health and antibiotic effectiveness (e), and how their choices could impact future generations (f).