Fig. 2: Top 10 medical specialties.

The literature review revealed a diverse range of medical specialties leveraging LLMs, with Radiology the leading specialty. Urology and General Surgery also emerged as prominent specialties, along with Plastic Surgery, Otolaryngology, Ophthalmology, Orthopedic Surgery and Psychiatry, while other specialties had fewer than 5 articles each. This distribution highlights the broad interest and exploration of LLMs across various medical domains, indicating the potential for transformative impacts in multiple areas of healthcare, and the need for comprehensive human evaluation in these areas.