Fig. 3: Overview of the proposed machine learning models.
From: Identifying who are unlikely to benefit from total knee arthroplasty using machine learning models
a The image-only model feeds with AP knee radiographs. b The clinical-data only model feeds with clinical data. c The multimodal model incorporating the information from both AP knee radiographs and clinical data. CNN convolutional neural network, MLP multilayer perceptron, XGB Extreme Gradient Boosting.
