Fig. 4: Changes in PAM-13 score from baseline to week 20 for participants with low and high baseline patient activation.
From: The effects of a digital health intervention on patient activation in chronic kidney disease

a CC analysis - includes all participants who completed PAM-13. b PP analysis - includes those who logged in, created an account and used the programme more than once. Data shown as mean and standard deviation. High baseline group was defined as those with PAM-13 Levels 3 and 4, low baseline group was defined as those with PAM-13 Levels 1 and 2. Horizontal dashed lines indicate the cut-off between low and high activation.