Table 2 TIDE and Tidepool-TIDE functionality to support clinical, administrative, and process improvement workflows

Clinical care

Analyze patient data to inform individualized care

Tableau views of patient-specific CGM data and week to week patterns.

Interactive web application with patient-specific CGM data and patterns at daily, weekly, and monthly views. Over 85 CGMs, insulin pumps, and blood glucose meters are supported^29,31.

Incorporation of data from more wearable devices such as physical activity monitors and additional insulin pumps¹⁴. Incorporation of alternative glycemic ranges for type 2 diabetes and for conditions such as pregnancy³³.

Identify and prioritize patients for contact

Tableau dashboard of patients ranked by CGM metrics.

Interactive web application of patients ranked by CGM metrics.

Patient messaging possible directly from Tidepool. Draft message of care recommendations generated by a large language model to incorporate patient context and CGM history.

Identify patients likely not requiring contact

Generation of longitudinal analyses and insights about glucose management for patients who don’t need intervention.

Identify patients with challenges using CGM

Identify other patient subgroups

None. Handled outside of TIDE with a combination of tools/processes including Excel, Redcap, and Epic.

Patient lists filterable by customized tags (e.g., preferred language or review cadence). EHR interoperable.

Algorithms use causal inference methods to identify subgroups of patients more or less likely to benefit from a particular intervention.

Administrative program management

Manage patient population

None. Handled outside of TIDE with a combination of tools/processes involving Excel, Redcap, and Python.

Options to add and remove patient review eligibility, assign or update clinical reviewers for each patient, and change the cadence with which a patient is shown for review.

Ability to manage patients across sites for coordination of multisite improvement efforts or randomized tests.

Track care provider workload

Manual extraction of number of patients flagged for review.

APIs supporting data exports of patients flagged for review.

UI for marking reviewed patients. Automatic tracking of time to review per patient.

Identify care that should be billed for and generate required documentation

None. No billing support enabled in TIDE.

APIs supporting data exports of patients flagged for review and their statistics. EHR interoperable.

Viewability of patient eligibility for billing by select remote patient monitoring current procedural terminology (CPT) codes (e.g. 99454, 99457, 95251). EHR integrated.

Research and quality improvement

Update TIDE to facilitate improved patient outcomes or reduced care provider screen time

None. Algorithm and UI improvements are designed and built offline outside of TIDE.

APIs supporting partial randomization to estimate patient-specific treatment effects by randomizing additional patients for (1) inclusion for review in periods they would not be reviewed and (2) change in the frequency with which they should be reviewed.

UI for partial randomization of patients.