Fig. 4: SHAP values for Aim 1: secondary outcome.

SHAP values for each moderator and the corresponding binary value key table. Features with positive SHAP values contribute positively to the outcome, while those with negative values have a negative effect. Blue indicates lower values for each moderator, whereas red indicates higher values. When the values are binary, the original coding determines classification to ‘lower’ and ‘higher’. Note: pre_secondary= baseline score in the secondary outcome. See Fig. 1 for the abbreviations of all moderators.