Table 1 Baseline characteristics of VBAO patients across training, test, and external validation datasets
From: AI prediction model for endovascular treatment of vertebrobasilar occlusion with atrial fibrillation
Training dataset | Test dataset | External validation dataset | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unfavorable outcome | Favorable outcome | Unfavorable outcome | Favorable outcome | Unfavorable outcome | Favorable outcome | |
N | 202 | 166 | 86 | 71 | 108 | 129 |
Demographic factors | ||||||
Age (mean (SD)) | 64.47 (11.17) | 62.39 (12.64) | 65.06 (11.29) | 59.82 (12.37) | 74.87 (11.17) | 74.31 (13.04) |
Sex (male), n (%) | 143 (70.8) | 115 (69.3) | 59 (68.6) | 52 (73.2) | 48 (44.4) | 73 (56.6) |
Clinical characteristics | ||||||
Smoking, n (%)a | 69 (34.2) | 47 (28.3) | 28 (32.6) | 27 (38.0) | ||
Drinking, n (%)a | 42 (20.8) | 36 (21.7) | 17 (19.8) | 23 (32.4) | ||
Pre-morbid mRS (median [IQR])a | 0.00 [0.00, 0.00] | 0.00 [0.00, 0.00] | 0.00 [0.00, 0.00] | 0.00 [0.00, 0.00] | ||
NIHSS (mean (SD)) | 23.20 (8.42) | 19.28 (9.91) | 23.10 (8.31) | 18.68 (9.50) | 15.56 (10.25) | 13.34 (8.60) |
Hypertension, n (%) | 143 (70.8) | 117 (70.5) | 62 (72.1) | 60 (84.5) | 84 (77.8) | 97 (75.2) |
Diabetes, n (%) | 42 (20.8) | 44 (26.5) | 17 (19.8) | 9 (12.7) | 29 (26.9) | 29 (22.5) |
Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 84 (41.6) | 48 (28.9) | 29 (33.7) | 23 (32.4) | 53 (49.1) | 51 (39.5) |
Coronary heart disease, n (%)a | 17 (8.4) | 21 (12.7) | 13 (15.1) | 5 (7.0) | ||
Stroke/TIA, n (%)a | 54 (26.7) | 32 (19.3) | 25 (29.1) | 17 (23.9) | ||
Heart Valve Diseases, n (%)a | 8 (4.0) | 7 (4.2) | 2 (2.3) | 3 (4.2) | ||
Onset form, n (%) | ||||||
Reach the peak quickly | 105 (52.0) | 81 (48.8) | 49 (57.0) | 38 (53.5) | ||
Progressive stroke | 71 (35.1) | 67 (40.4) | 28 (32.6) | 27 (38.0) | ||
Fluctuation | 9 (4.5) | 8 (4.8) | 2 (2.3) | 4 (5.6) | ||
Occlusion site, n (%)a | ||||||
BA remote | 50 (24.8) | 46 (27.7) | 14 (16.3) | 17 (23.9) | ||
BA mid | 56 (27.7) | 38 (22.9) | 19 (22.1) | 14 (19.7) | ||
BA proximal | 36 (17.8) | 31 (18.7) | 24 (27.9) | 16 (22.5) | ||
VA V4 | 60 (29.7) | 51 (30.7) | 29 (33.7) | 24 (33.8) | ||
INR (mean (SD))a | 1.11 (0.29) | 1.08 (0.23) | 1.06 (0.27) | 1.08 (0.22) | ||
Glucose (mean (SD)) | 6.69 [5.79, 8.27] | 6.50 [5.89, 8.59] | 7.71 (2.84) | 7.82 (2.70) | 8.15 (2.63) | 8.45 (3.80) |
Treatment-related factors | ||||||
EOT (mean (SD)) | 7.14 (4.98) | 6.49 (4.63) | 6.82 (5.35) | 6.55 (5.25) | 4.80 (2.11) | 4.99 (2.20) |
mTICI (≥2b), n (%) | 174 (86.1) | 155 (93.4) | 79 (91.9) | 63 (88.7) | 90 (83.3) | 109 (84.5) |
Anesthesia (general), n (%) | 84 (41.6) | 71 (42.8) | 35 (40.7) | 23 (32.4) | 47 (48.0) | 44 (34.1) |
sICH, n (%) | 20 (9.9) | 3 (1.8) | 13 (15.1) | 1 (1.4) | 7 (6.5) | 4 (3.1) |
Antiplatelet, n (%)a | ||||||
No | 169 (83.7) | 132 (79.5) | 72 (83.7) | 64 (90.1) | ||
Monoantiplatelet | 15 (7.4) | 17 (10.2) | 10 (11.6) | 4 (5.6) | ||
Dual antiplatelet | 18 (8.9) | 17 (10.2) | 4 (4.7) | 3 (4.2) | ||
Anticoagulation, n (%)a | 15 (7.4) | 17 (10.2) | 9 (10.5) | 7 (9.9) | ||
Statin, n (%)a | 22 (10.9) | 26 (15.7) | 14 (16.3) | 5 (7.0) | ||
Intravenous thrombolysis, n (%) | 38 (18.8) | 44 (26.5) | 16 (18.6) | 17 (23.9) | 29 (26.9) | 40 (31.0) |
Imaging scores | ||||||
PC-ASPECTS (mean (SD))a | 8.23 (1.69) | 8.57 (1.44) | 8.17 (1.68) | 8.49 (1.51) | ||
ASITN/SIR, n (%) | ||||||
0-1 | 164 (81.2) | 116 (69.9) | 73 (84.9) | 50 (70.4) | 47 (45.2) | 35 (30.7) |
2 | 22 (10.9) | 24 (14.5) | 11 (12.8) | 11 (15.5) | 34 (32.7) | 23 (20.2) |
3-4 | 16 (7.9) | 26 (15.7) | 2 (2.3) | 10 (14.1) | 23 (22.1) | 56 (49.1) |
