Fig. 1: Flow diagram of the study. | npj Digital Medicine

Fig. 1: Flow diagram of the study.

From: Multiple large language models versus experienced physicians in diagnosing challenging cases with gastrointestinal symptoms

Fig. 1

This flowchart outlines the selection and evaluation process. From 546 cases in 11 Chinese medical case books, 151 challenging cases were chosen. After excluding 84 cases due to insufficient difficulty (n = 53), reliance on invasive diagnostics (n = 22), or online retrievability (n = 9), 67 eligible cases were selected by Panel A and divided into seven questionnaires. Surveys from 22 gastroenterologists (17 hospitals) yielded 1283 valid responses. Seven LLMs provided 1876 responses over four rounds, with diagnostic conclusions analyzed and compared.

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