Table 1 Patient characteristics

From: A deep learning digital biomarker to detect hypertension and stratify cardiovascular risk from the electrocardiogram

 

Massachusetts General Hospital

Model Development

Brigham and Women’s Hospital

External Validation and Outcomes

N

121,720

56,760

Age (y), mean ± standard deviation

57.3 ± 16.8

55.1 ± 16.2

Sex, n (%)

 Female

58,970 (48.4)

33,755 (59.5)

 Male

62,750 (51.6)

23,005 (40.5)

Race or Ethnicity, n (%)

 Asian or Pacific Islander

4481 (3.7)

1488 (2.6)

 Black

6523 (5.4)

7407 (13.0)

 Hispanic or Latino

4850 (4.0)

4494 (7.9)

 Multiple/Other

3989 (3.3)

2149 (3.8)

 Unknown

3299 (2.7)

2609 (4.6)

 White

98,578 (81.0)

38,613 (68.0)

 Atrial Fibrillation, n (%)

21,307 (17.5)

5588 (9.8)

 Chronic Kidney Disease, n (%)

14,346 (11.8)

5824 (10.3)

 Coronary Artery Disease, n (%)

41,783 (34.3)

15,320 (27.0)

 Diabetes Mellitus, n (%)

23,679 (19.5)

9750 (17.2)

 Heart Failure, n (%)

7124 (5.9)

2305 (4.1)

 Hyperlipidemia, n (%)

71,911 (59.1)

25,679 (45.2)

 Hypertension, n (%)a

76,499 (62.8)

31,014 (54.6)

 Stroke, n (%)

7948 (6.5)

1957 (3.4)

 Myocardial Infarction, n (%)

17,198 (14.1)

6892 (12.1)

 Antihypertensive Medication Use, n (%)

68,751 (56.5)

31,154 (54.9)

Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg)

 Mean ± standard deviation

126.6 ± 17.7

127.6 ± 18.0

 Unknown

36,718 (30.2)

3339 (5.9)

Systolic Blood Pressure ≥140 mmHg, n (%)

18,835 (22.2)

12,494 (23.4)

Diastolic Blood Pressure (mmHg)

 Mean ± standard deviation

75.5 ± 10.6

75.8 ± 11.2

 Unknown

36,725 (30.2)

3340 (5.9)

Diastolic Blood Pressure ≥ 90 mmHg, n (%)

8680 (10.2)

6240 (11.7)

Hypertension Diagnosis or High Baseline Blood Pressure, n (%)

79,751 (65.5)

33,906 (59.7)

Body Mass Index (kg/m2)

 Mean ± standard deviation

-

28.7 (6.6)

 Unknown

-

11,644 (20.5)

Smoking Status

 Current Smoker

-

2648 (4.7)

 Not Current Smoker

-

26,464 (46.6)

 Unknown

-

27,648 (48.7)

Source Population, n (%)

 Cardiology Cohort

40,723 (33.5)

0 (0.0)

 Primary Care Cohort

80,997 (66.5)

56,760 (100.0)

  1. aBy ICD-9 or ICD-10 code.