Fig. 4: Example of tiles from HPCs associated with higher risk of poor outcome. | npj Digital Medicine

Fig. 4: Example of tiles from HPCs associated with higher risk of poor outcome.

From: Self supervised artificial intelligence predicts poor outcome from primary cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma at diagnosis

Fig. 4

a Example of tiles randomly selected from certain HPCs leading to risk prediction of poor outcome. b, c Examples of data from patients with poor outcome shortly after surgery (10.5 months, local recurrence) and with poor outcome a few years after surgery (46 months, nodal metastasis). For each case, a small portion of the original slide is shown as well as the corresponding heatmap and the associated SHAP decision plot. The color of the heatmap shows the HPC associated with each tile, with the proportion of tile belonging to each HPC shown in the legend (percentages computed over the whole slide(s) available for each patient). The top of the SHAP decision plot shows the predicted value which determines the color of the curve. Reading from bottom to top, the SHAP values for each HPC are cumulatively summed, and the HPCs are ordered according to the absolute SHAP weight. On the right, the proportion of tiles associated with each cluster is shown on a Log10 scale. All tiles are shown after Reinhard’s color normalization47.

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