Fig. 1: Comparison of real-world epidemiological data and results from ratings of images created by text-to-image generators.
The green background indicates “accurate” demographic representation in comparison to the real-world data, the yellow background indicates “imprecise” representation, the red background indicates fundamentally “wrong” representation. Note: Anxiety disorders: real-world age peak varies between 8 years for phobias and 32 years for generalized anxiety disorder. Cholecystitis: real-world epidemiological data is unclear for “cholecystitis”. Data presented is for “gall bladder and biliary diseases”. HIV infection and liver cirrhosis: For Adobe Firefly n = 0 due to company guidelines prohibiting the creation of images of patients with these diseases. Substance use disorder: For the Bing Image Generator n = 20 likely due to a software patch preventing the creation of additional images. There were only singular images with the race rated as Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander and American Indian or Alaska Native. These are not depicted here. References: Diseases predominantly affecting children42,43, diseases predominantly affecting adults44,45, diseases predominantly affecting elderly46,47,63,64, diseases predominantly affecting males48,49,65,66, diseases predominantly affecting females50,51,65,67, diseases predominantly affecting White individuals52,53,68,69, diseases predominantly affecting Black or African American individuals55,65,70,71, stigmatizes infectious diseases34,65,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83, stigmatized psychiatric diseases35,65,84,85,86,87,88,89,90,91, stigmatized internal medicine conditions and diseases40,92,93,94,95,96,97. ADHD attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Age groups: Adu adults, Ch children, Eld elderly. Sex: F female, M male. Races/ethnicities: BAA Black or African American, HL Hispanic or Latino.
