Table 2 Summary information for all of the included papers
From: Large language model integrations in cancer decision-making: a systematic review and meta-analysis
First author | Year of publication | Country | Targeted condition(s) | Evaluator type | Data type | Evaluation type(s) | Aspect of decision-making | Prompt engineering? | IRB approval? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rahsepar et al.17† | 2023 | USA | Lung cancer | Radiological scientist | Mixed | 3 | Patient-centered information | No | Not specified |
Yeo et al.53† | 2023 | Korea | Cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) | Board-certified/eligible transplant hepatologist reviewers | Mixed | 1, 5, 7 | Patient-centered information | No | Not specified |
Fink et al.54 | 2023 | Germany | Lung cancer | Unspecified (existing dataset) | N/A | N/A | Clinician-centered information | No | Not specified |
Rao et al.55 | 2023 | USA | Breast cancer | Unspecified expert reviewers | Quantitative | 2 | Patient-centered information | Yes | Not specified |
Coskun et al.56 | 2023 | Turkey | Prostate cancer | Urologists | Mixed | 1 | Patient-centered information | No | Not specified |
Hermann et al.57† | 2023 | USA | Cervical cancer | Attending gynecologic oncologists | Quantitative | 3 | Clinician-centered information | No | Not specified |
Horiuchi et al.58 | 2024 | Japan | Tumors in neuroradiology | Unspecified (existing dataset) | N/A | N/A | Clinician-centered information | No | Exempt |
Nguyen et al.59 | 2023 | USA | Four cancers: breast, ovarian, colorectal, and lung | Unspecified medical students | N/A | N/A | Clinician-centered information | Yes | Not specified |
Lukac et al.18 | 2023 | Germany | Breast cancer | Unspecified (existing dataset) | N/A | N/A | Clinician-centered information | No | Yes |
Gebrael et al.60 | 2023 | USA | Metastatic prostate cancer | Unspecified (existing dataset) | N/A | N/A | Clinician-centered information | No | Yes |
Chung et al.21 | 2023 | USA | Prostate cancer | Radiation oncologists | Quantitative | 1, 3, 7, 8, 9 | Clinician-centered information | No | Exempt |
Kuşcu et al.34† | 2023 | Turkey | Head and neck cancer | Experienced head and neck surgeons | Qualitative | 1 | Patient-centered information | No | Exempt |
Janopaul-Naylor et al.61† | 2024 | USA | Unspecified cancer | Oncologists with 5 to 10 years of clinical experience | Quantitative | 1 | Patient-centered information | No | Exempt |
Haemmerli et al.36† | 2023 | Switzer-land | Brain glioma | Neuro-oncologists, radio-oncologists, radiologists, neurosurgeons, neuropathologists and neurologists | N/A | N/A | Clinician-centered information | No | Yes |
Choi et al.16 | 2024 | Korea | Kidney cancer | Urological oncologists specializing in kidney cancer | Mixed | 1, 4 | Patient-centered information | No | Yes |
Wei et al.62† | 2024 | USA | Head and neck cancer | Unspecified reviewers | Mixed | 1, 6, 7 | Patient-centered information | No | Yes |
Choo et al.63 | 2024 | Korea | Colorectal cancer | Unspecified (existing dataset) | Quantitative | 4 | Clinician-centered information | No | Yes |
Campbell et al.39† | 2024 | USA | Thyroid cancer | Unspecified graders | Quantitative | 3 | Patient-centered information | Yes | Exempt |
Griewing et al.64 | 2023 | Germany | Breast cancer | Unspecified (existing dataset) | Quantitative | 1 | Clinician-centered information | No | Not specified |
Alanezi et al.65 | 2024 | Saudi Arabia | Unspecified cancer | Unspecified (existing dataset) | N/A | N/A | Patient-centered information | No | Yes |
Lyu et al.22 | 2023 | USA | Lung cancer | Experienced radiologists | N/A | N/A | Clinician-centered information | Yes | Not specified |
Benary et al.66 | 2023 | Germany | Cancers with genetic alterations (lung cancer and others) | Unspecified (existing dataset) | N/A | N/A | Clinician-centered information | No | Exempt |
Braithwaite et al.67 | 2024 | USA | Breast cancer | Experts in the fields of general internal medicine, family medicine, geriatric medicine, population health, cancer control, and radiology | Mixed | 2, 6 | Patient-centered information | No | Not specified |
Peng et al.19† | 2024 | China | Colorectal cancer | Unspecified evaluators and practitioners | Quantitative | 1, 7 | Patient-centered information | No | Yes |
Köroğlu et al.68 | 2023 | Turkey | Thyroid cancer | Endocrinologists | Mixed | 1, 13, 14 | Clinician-centered information | No | Exempt |
Ozgor et al.69† | 2024 | Turkey | Urological cancers: prostate, bladder, kidney, and testicular cancers | Experienced physicians in uro-oncology | Qualitative | 14 | Patient-centered information | No | Not specified |
Davis et al.40 | 2024 | USA | Oropharyngeal cancer | Unspecified physician-graders | Mixed | 1, 7 | Patient-centered information | No | Exempt |
Son et al.70 | 2023 | Korea | Breast, prostate, and lung cancer | Unspecified (existing dataset) | N/A | N/A | Clinician-centered information | No | Yes |
Lee et al.71 | 2023 | USA | Head and neck cancer | Experienced head and neck surgeons | N/A | N/A | Patient-centered information | No | Exempt |
Arasteh et al.72 | 2024 | Germany | Esophageal cancer | Unspecified (existing dataset) | N/A | N/A | Clinician-centered information | Yes | Yes |
Pinto et al.73† | 2024 | Brazil | Prostate cancer | Urologists | Quantitative | 1 | Clinician-centered information | Yes | Exempt |
Valentini et al.37† | 2024 | Austria | Sarcoma, a rare malignant tumor | Sarcoma experts (orthopedic oncologists and medical oncologists) | Mixed | 1, 2, 7 | Patient-centered information | No | Exempt |
Thia et al.41 | 2024 | Australia | Urological malignancies | Urology specialists | N/A | N/A | Patient-centered information | No | Exempt |
Atarere et al.74 | 2024 | USA | Colorectal cancer | Board-certified Internal Medicine physicians (internists) and an oncologic Gastroenterologist with significant colorectal cancer experience | Qualitative | 2, 4 | Patient-centered information | No | Not specified |
Lim et al.75 | 2024 | Singapore | Colorectal cancer | Unspecified (existing dataset) | Quantitative | 1, 2 | Clinician-centered information | Yes | Not specified |
Choi et al.76 | 2023 | Korea | Breast cancer | Breast cancer patients | N/A | N/A | Clinician-centered information | Yes | Yes |
Wu et al.77 | 2024 | China | Thyroid cancer | Unspecified reader | N/A | N/A | Clinician-centered information | No | Yes |
Pereyra et al.78 | 2024 | Argentina | Colorectal cancer | Board-certified gastroenterologists with more than 10 years of clinical experience | Quantitative | 1 | Clinician-centered information | No | Yes |
Iannantuono et al.12† | 2024 | USA | Unspecified cancer | Unspecified expert reviewers | Quantitative | 1, 4, 5, 6, 15 | Clinician-centered information | No | Not specified |
Chow et al.79 | 2023 | Canada | Unspecified cancers in radiotherapy | Unspecified participants | N/A | N/A | Patient-centered information | Yes | Exempt |
Yalamanchili et al.20† | 2024 | USA | Unspecified cancer | Radiation oncologists and physicists | N/A | N/A | Patient-centered information | Yes | Exempt |
Kozel et al.80† | 2024 | USA | Brain tumors | Neurosurgeons | Quantitative | 1 | Clinician-centered information | No | Not required |
Wang et al.35† | 2024 | China | Thyroid cancer | Doctors | N/A | N/A | Clinician-centered information | No | Yes |
Yang et al.81 | 2024 | China | Bone tumors | Experienced physicians (intermediate and senior doctors) | N/A | N/A | Clinician-centered information | No | Exempt |
Hasani et al.82 | 2023 | USA | Unspecified cancers in radiology | Urology fellows | N/A | N/A | Clinician-centered information | Yes | Yes |
Zhou et al.38 | 2023 | China | Gastric cancer | Unspecified graders | Quantitative | 2, 11 | Clinician-centered information | Yes | Not specified |
Cocci et al.83 | 2023 | Denmark | Urological related cancers | Urologist | N/A | N/A | Clinician-centered information | No | Not specified |
Yucel et al.84 | 2024 | Turkey | Unspecified cancer | Medical oncologists | Mixed | 1, 6, 11 | Patient-centered information | Yes | Not specified |
Huo et al.85 | 2024 | Canada | Colorectal cancer | Patients | Quantitative | 1 | Patient-centered information | Yes | Not specified |
Sarangi et al.86 | 2023 | India | Unspecified radiological cancers | Radiologists | Mixed | 1, 3, 7, 10 | Clinician-centered information | Yes | Not specified |
Lent et al.42† | 2024 | Denmark | Dermato-oncology | Dermatologists | Quantitative | 1, 7, 12, and 14 | Clinician-centered information | Yes | Not specified |
Floyd et al.87† | 2024 | USA | Unspecified cancers | Radiation oncology resident physicians | Quantitative | 1, 7 | Patient-centered information | No | Not specified |
Gabriel et al.88 | 2023 | UK | Cancer treatments | Urologists | Quantitative | 1, 2, 15 | Clinician-centered information | No | Not specified |
Sievert et al.89 | 2024 | Germany | Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma | Surgeons and pathologists graders | N/A | N/A | Clinician-centered information | Yes | Yes |
Hao et al.43 | 2024 | USA | Unspecified cancer | Older adult cancer patient participants and cancer-related clinician participants | N/A | N/A | Patient-centered information | No | Yes |
Holmes et al.13† | 2023 | USA | Unspecified cancer | Medical physics residents and research fellows, as well as non-physicians with expertise in radiation physics | Quantitative | 1 | Clinician-centered information | Yes | Not specified |
