Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population
From: Next-generation AI framework for comprehensive oral leukoplakia evaluation and management
Characteristics | Total n = 598 | Patients with MT N (%) = 73 (12.2) | Patients without MT N (%) = 525 (87.8) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean follow-up duration: 7.51 years | ||||
Gender | 0.018 | |||
Female | 296 (49.5) | 45 (7.5) | 251 (42.0) | |
Male | 302 (50.5) | 28 (4.7) | 274 (45.8) | |
Age | 0.008 | |||
<50 | 208 (34.8) | 16 (2.7) | 192 (32.1) | |
≥50 | 390 (65.2) | 57 (9.5) | 333(55.7) | |
Alcohol | 0.318 | |||
Current or former | 131 (21.9) | 18 (3.0) | 113 (18.9) | |
Never | 467 (78.1) | 55 (9.2) | 412 (68.9) | |
Tobacco | <0.001 | |||
Current or former | 104 (17.4) | 31 (5.2) | 73 (12.2) | |
Never | 494 (82.6) | 42 (7.0) | 452 (75.6) | |
Clinical sub-type | <0.001 | |||
Homogeneous | 299 (50.0) | 6 (1.0) | 293 (49.0) | |
Non-homogeneous | 299 (50.0) | 67 (11.2) | 232 (38.8) | |
Lesion site | <0.001 | |||
Buccal mucosa | 272 (45.5) | 16 (2.7) | 256 (42.8) | |
Tongue | 173 (28.9) | 35 (5.9) | 138 (23.1) | |
Gingiva | 98 (16.4) | 10 (1.7) | 88 (14.7) | |
Floor of the mouth | 23 (3.8) | 9 (1.5) | 14 (2.3) | |
Palate | 22 (3.7) | 1 (0.2) | 21 (3.5) | |
Lip | 10 (1.7) | 2 (0.3) | 8 (1.3) | |
Diameter | 0.043 | |||
<2 cm = 1 | 570 (95.3) | 66 (11.0) | 504 (84.3) | |
≥2 cm = 2 | 28 (4.7) | 7 (1.2) | 21 (3.5) | |
Lesion size | <0.001 | |||
<2 cm | 482 (80.6) | 47 (7.9) | 435 (72.7) | |
≥2 cm2, <5 cm2 | 109 (18.2) | 21 (3.5) | 88 (14.7) | |
≥5 cm2 | 7 (1.2) | 5 (0.9) | 2 (0.3) | |
Treatment | <0.001 | |||
Drug only | 461 (77.1) | 45 (7.5) | 416 (69.6) | |
Photodynamic | 30 (5.0)2 | 2 (0.3) | 8 (4.7) | |
Excision | 73 (12.2) | 21 (3.5) | 52 (8.7) | |
No treatment | 34 (5.7) | 5 (0.9) | 29 (4.8) | |
OED status | <0.001 | |||
Class I | 123 (20.6) | 57 (9.5) | 66 (11.1) | |
Class II | 17 (2.8) | 15 (2.5) | 2 (0.3) | |
No OED | 458 (76.6) | 1 (0.2) | 457 (76.4) | |
