Table 2 Individuals domain: focuses on the characteristics of individuals involved in implementation, including their knowledge, beliefs, and personal attributes

From: Operationalizing machine-assisted translation in healthcare

Areas that impact the implementation gap

Barriers to implementation

Potential solutions

D. Translators

LLM-based MAT integration that disrupts established workflows

EHR/IT teams can partner with translation leads to add “auto-draft” capabilities directly into translators’ current workflows. This should include integrating existing translator tools into the MAT workflow, such as CAT software

Design comprehensive training focusing on best practices when interacting with MAT tools, how to handle MAT outages, etc.

E. Clinicians

Poorly structured or jargon-laden clinical notes cause translation errors and reduce MAT accuracy

Encourage clinicians to improve the quality of written discharge summaries

Enable a two-prompt approach where the MAT LLM uses a “preparation” prompt to clean up messy notes before applying the “translation” prompt

F. Patients

Mistrust or misunderstanding of AI-driven translations

Ensure transparency regarding the use of AI in translating patient documents

Inform patients (via consent forms or discharge packets) that MAT is used, emphasizing final human verification

Lack of patient engagement in refining MAT processes

Patient advisory boards can be leveraged to collect direct patient feedback on clarity and acceptability of translations

Tailor MAT deployment from patient feedback by offering MAT primarily in areas where patients feel comfortable (e.g., adult vs. pediatric settings), expanding usage as trust grows

  1. MAT machine-assisted translation, LLM large language model, EHR electronic health record.