Extended Data Fig. 4: Comparative losses in quantity and quality of stored legumes.

a,b, Quantity (% weight loss) (a) and quality (% damaged grain) (b) loss of beans, chickpeas, cowpeas, groundnuts and pigeon peas stored for 4.5 months using different storage interventions. Data for the five crops are shown separately with the interventions sorted in order of efficacy for each crop. The means, 95% confidence intervals (CI) and n values (that is, the number of times this intervention was found in the 334 studies) are presented. The loss levels are dependent on numerous factors including the conditions during the study, which can result in high heterogeneity between studies. The loss levels for each intervention need to be interpreted with caution particularly where the n value is low. Interventions in which the grain was stored untreated are shown as green bars. The blue bars indicate grain treated with a synthetic chemical. The grey bars indicate grain treated with an alternative method.