Extended Data Fig. 5: Observed and projected future changes in human population density with respect to Mean Annual Temperature (MAT), following different Shared Socio-economic Pathways (SSPs).

a. SSP1-2.6 leading to ~1.8 °C global warming with a peak of 8.5 billion people. b. SSP3-7.0 scenario leading to ~3.6 °C global warming and 12.1 billion people. c. SSP5-8.5 scenario leading to ~4.4 °C global warming and a peak of 8.6 billion people. (The SSP2-4.5 scenario is shown in Fig. 1b.) For each SSP and 20-year averaged climate interval, global warming and corresponding population levels (for the central year) are summarized in Extended Data Table 1. Data presented as mean values with the shaded regions corresponding to 5-95th percentiles.