Extended Data Fig. 2: The contribution of species’ effect traits to different types of human wellbeing.

Species supporting effect traits that elicit a well-being response, with n = 1815 unique trait-wellbeing combinations. Ordination based on non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) of a Bray-Curtis dissimilarity matrix. The position of points (trait-wellbeing combinations, shaped by taxonomic kingdom of species that supports each effect trait; animal = triangle, fungi = diamond, plant = cross) represent dissimilarity in the number of incidences that effect traits elicited different types of wellbeing. A low level of stress ( < 0.05) indicted excellent fit. Wellbeing types are overlaid as vector arrows. NB: no incidences meant it was not possible to create vector arrows for negative cognitive, social or global wellbeing. Not all labels shown due to overlap. Full list of species’ Latin and common names can be found in Supplementary Information Table 3.