Extended Data Fig. 7: CHANS (Coupled Human and Natural System) model with detailed representation of cropland sub-system.
From: Nitrogen cycles in global croplands altered by elevated CO2
(a) Overview of the CHANS model. The CHANS model contains 14 subsystems that are divided into four functional groups: processors (indicated by a green outline), consumers (red outline), removers (seagreen outline), and life-supporters (blue outline). The focus of this study is on the cropland sub-system. (b) Detailed representation of cropland sub-system. The model utilizes input data from multiple sources including social-economic data (indicated by orange) and N cycling data (indicated by blue). The N flows associated with N input, harvest, and surplus serve as CHANS model variables in the N-balance operation, which generates outputs of cropland N budgets for different geographical regions. Additionally, the CHANS model enables impact assessment to estimate the monetized impacts on health and the environment.
