Fig. 1: Environmental impacts of today’s clinker production in different European countries.
From: Paving the way for sustainable decarbonization of the European cement industry
a, Breakdown of climate change impacts (GWP100) by process stage, where uncertainty ranges refer to the 5th and 95th percentiles from the Monte Carlo uncertainty analysis (n = 10,000), and the bar height indicates the mean. b,c, Average environmental impacts per tonne of clinker by country (b) and overall impacts per year, taking into consideration clinker production volumes in each country (c). AT, Austria; BE, Belgium; BG, Bulgaria; HR, Croatia; CY, Cyprus; CZ, Czech Republic; DK, Denmark; EE, Estonia; EUR, European average; FI, Finland; FR, France; DE, Germany; GB, Great Britain; GR, Greece; HU, Hungary; IE, Ireland; IT, Italy; LV, Latvia; LT, Lithuania; LU, Luxembourg: NL, Netherlands; NO, Norway; PL, Poland; PT, Portugal; RO, Romania; SK, Slovakia; SI, Slovenia; ES, Spain; SE, Sweden; CH, Switzerland; DALY, disability-adjusted life year.
