Fig. 2: Country examples of trends of outsourcing for environmental and social proxies linked to SDGs, 1990–2018.
From: Polarizing and equalizing trends in international trade and Sustainable Development Goals
There are 12 panels, each showing an environmental or social proxy linked to SDGs. The interpretation of all panels is as follows: x axes show the analysed time period, y axes show territorial emissions \({\bar{Q}}_{t}^{q,p}\) (shaded line) and footprints \({\bar{F}}_{t}^{q,p}\) (dark line) with respect to time, in which F denotes footprint by consumer perspective, Q denotes territorial perspective, t refers to year of the assessment, p denotes the producing and consuming region, and q refers to the primary factor. For each proxy, there are two panels representing equalizing trends: panel I shows export-trending net importers, panel IV shows import-trending net exporters. There are two panels representing polarizing trends: panel III shows import-trending net importers and panel II shows export-trending net exporters. All proxies are defined as ‘bad’, as explained in Methods. Credit: icons from the UN Sustainable Development Goals (https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment).
