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Best practices for advanced oxidation processes

Lack of transparency and standardization in experimental design and performance evaluation hinders the real-world applications of advanced oxidation processes — critical technologies in wastewater treatment. Here, we highlight the common pitfalls in advanced oxidation process research and propose practices to guide future studies.

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Fig. 1: Pitfalls and recommended practices in experiment design, mechanism analysis and kinetic and performance reporting.

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Acknowledgements

X.D. acknowledges financial support from the Australian Research Council under the Discovery scheme (FT230100526 and DP230102406).

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Correspondence to Xiaoguang Duan.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Nature Sustainability thanks Zuotai Zhang and the other, anonymous, reviewer(s) for their contribution to the peer review of this work.

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Zhou, H., Ren, W., Wang, S. et al. Best practices for advanced oxidation processes. Nat Sustain (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-025-01655-0

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